The discipline of sīra (the biographical study of the Prophet) is fundamentally a product of Medina, although companions who traveled to other cities and their successors later contributed additional knowledge. Various figures in Medina undertook the compilation of sīra, among whom the Zubayrid family was the most prominent. The works of Ibn Isḥāq and his sīra, as well as the sīra of Mūsā b. ‛Uqba, are two of the most significant products in this field. On the margins of these works, Mālik b. Anas b. Mālik, who was a rival of Ibn Isḥāq, also made contributions. However, his narrations were not widely accepted in Medina and instead found their way primarily to North Africa, where the Mālikī school would later be formally established. al-Qīrawānī compiled the narrations of Mālik on the sīra and other Islamic sciences in his work al-Jāmi‛ fī al-Sunan. This article examines these narrations and their subjects.

Salafists and scholars of kalām (theologians) disagree over several issues regarding divine attributes, including  the interpretation of Quranic verses about divine attributes in terms of qualitative meanings. Muslim theologians believe that such an interpretation contradicts the exalted or immaculate nature of God, while Salafists refer to certain exegeses provided by earlier scholars to support the notion of qualitative meanings in the interpretation of Quranic verses about divine attributes. One notable example is Mālik b. Anas's interpretation of the Verse of Istiwāʾ (Settlement). Salafists cite interpretations attributed to Mālik, suggesting that he attributed qualities to God, implying that God's "settlement" on the Throne (al-ʿArsh) can be understood as a literal ascension and physical presence on the Throne. However, a careful examination of ten chains of transmission for the interpretation of the Verse of Settlement attributed to Mālik reveals issues concerning both the reliability of the transmission chains and the implications of the interpretation. Only two of these chains are considered reliable, and even in those cases, Mālik, while deferring the interpretation of the verse to God Himself, seeks to exalt God by avoiding any attribution of qualitative meanings to Him.

Melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. They reported in birds. In this case, macroscopic and microscopic (the histopathologic and IHC) findings supported a final diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). A female mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was observed with a mass on the ventral portion of the neck. The bird was anesthetized with Diazepam/Ketamine. A skin incision was made on the ventral surface of the mass and blunt dissection was performed to separate the mass. The incision was sutured by a simple interrupted suture pattern. Mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Histologically, the mass was composed of nests and sheets of anaplastic, epithelioid, multinucleated and polygonal cells containing variable amounts of brown to black granules of melanin. The neoplasm showed immunoreactivity for S-100 and Melan-A in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Based on the histopathological and IHC findings, this is the first report of malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos).

Speaking of the history of Muslim moral thought, the age of the Companions is still unknown and unexplored. Common ideas in this period have survived in the form of Narrations. Attitudes are different in assessing their validity. One way in the histori-cal analysis of these narrations can be that by accepting the attribution of the narrations of each narrator and analyzing the content of their collection, we will try to reconstruct the symbolized character which these naarations present. In the present study, we should try to use such a method to analyze the moral narrations of Anas b. Malik (d. 93 AH), a companion living in Basra. This study is devoted to reviewing and analyzing the content of some of his moral narrations that reflect the general framework of his vision of the supreme good for human beings.

Osteology is one of the most important parts of anatomical studies, so that we can find useful information about animal's biological properties by examining their skeletons. The aim of this research was to study morphometric characteristics of skeleton of wing and pelvic limb of male and female Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca). Six pieces of wings, os coxae and pelvic limbs of males and females Eurasian Teal were X-rayed and cleaned. First the morphological characteristics of the bones and then the morphometric characteristics such as length, curvature index, weight of wings and pelvic limb and their ratio to total body weight were evaluated. The results were analyzed by SPSS software and independent samples T-Test (P < 0. 05). the anatomical features of skeleton of wing of Eurasian Teal was similar to the other ducks (Anatidae), but in the pelvic girdle, the size of the pre-acetabular and post-acetabular parts of the ileum was approximately equal, in addition there weren't any significant change in width of the pubis after passing the caudal border of ischium. Unlike most members of the duck family that the shortness of femur is compensated by doubling the length of the leg, in Eurasian Teal the leg was only 1. 5 times more elongated than the femur. The length of fibula was 3/5 of the tibiotarsal bone, and the number of longitudinal ridges on the tarsometatarsal bone was 3. Moreover, there was no significant difference in morphometric characteristics of wings and pelvic limbs in male and female birds.

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of metals Cd and Cr in liver, kidney and muscle tissues of teal Anas crecca (N=16) from Fereydoonkenar wetland. The study was conducted between November and December 2015. The elements Cd and Cr were assayed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and the results were given as mg/kg wet weight. The concentration of metals was compared between the liver, kidney and muscle tissue and using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’ s test. The highest mean concentrations of Cd and Cr were observed in the kidney at 1. 45 and 0. 56 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. The lowest mean concentration of Cd and Cr were measured in muscle tissue at 0. 05 and 0. 08 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. The distribution patterns of Cd and Cr in tissues of teal follow the order: kidney>liver>muscle. All the results were statistically significant at P < 0. 001. The results indicated that there were negative correlations (r =-0. 798, P<0. 01) between weight and Cr in muscle. In this study, Cd and Cr concentrations in the edible tissues of teal were below the maximum permissible limit of the WHO.

Background: The aim of the present study was to study pathological and parasitological characteristics of simultaneous capillariasis and hystrichiasis in a diseased Anas crecca captured in Mazandaran Province of Iran on Oct 2016. Methods: Parasitology and histopathology techniques were used to detect the parasites of the carcass of the captive common teal. Results: Macroscopically, severe chronic inflammatory reactions and nodular or granuloma formation and irregular thickening of the affected wall of the esophagus, crop, proventrculus and ventriculus were observed. Microscopically, apart from the chronic inflammatory reactions and granuloma formation, in the paraffin sections stained with Harris Hematoxyline and Eosin technique, the characteristics of the mature female and male Capillaria spp. and their barrel-shaped operculated embryonated eggs were found within the tunnels burrowed by the nematode in the hyperplastic stratified squamous epithelium of the inflamed crop and distal portion of the esophagus. The mature female Hystrichis spp. containing oval-shaped, embryonated non-operculated eggs and male parasite were found within the labyrinthus spaces formed in the submucosa granulomas of the ventriculus and proventriculus. Conclusion: Based on the parasitological and pathological studies, the species of the nematode parasites were identified as Capillaria (Thominx) contorta and Hystrichis. tricolor.

Riverine habitats, perhaps one of the best habitats for different species of birds, especially ducks like mallards. Soassessment of the suitabilityindices of riverine habitats for wildlife species biodiversity is important. The Zayanderood river was a safewinter habitat for Mallard (Anasplatyrhynchos) witch droughts have made irreversible effects on this habitat suitability. This study was carried out between 88 to 89. The study area was upstream region of the river from the Nazhvanbridge to 33POL bridge. Each indicator is calculated using HEP and the total utility of reef geometric mean was calculated. The results showed that the total utility of the numerical equivalent of 48.0 indicatingthe serious threats in this region. Due to the drought caused the river, in order to keep the tensions in the regionnecessary actionsshould be taken and finally recommendations forimprovement the habitat must be used.

Background and Objectives: The birds have always been of great importance in various cycles of ecosystems. In between the number of microplastics in marine environments is increasing. In recent years, due to the entry of marine debris into the environment, all kinds of particles such as fiber, fragment, film and other particles in different sizes are accidentally ingested instead of food or accidentally by birds. Due to their indigestion, these particles block the gastrointestinal tract, reduce the useful volume of the gastrointestinal tract, suffocate and in some cases lead to the death of the animal. The present study is the first to investigate microplastic observations in the Anas crecca waterfowl of the southern Caspian Sea basin. The abundance, type, size, shape and color of microplastics in the stomach contents of this bird were examined. Methods: Carcasses discovered from hunters in the northern provinces and lost specimens from the coast were described. SZM-LED2 Stereomicroscope with objective lens of 0. 7, 0. 8, 1, 1. 5, 2, 3, 4, 4. 5 and eye piece 10x was used to detect microplastic particles by OptikaView software version 7. Findings: The results show that in the two provinces of Guilan and Mazandaran, a total of 316 microplastic particles including fiber, fragment and film were found in 46 of common teal (Anas crecca), which: fiber and then fragment had the highest frequency. The size range of the parts varied from the film with 0. 071 mm to fiber with 13. 543 mm. Also, the greatest variety of shapes was related to long linear fiber components. Conclusion: The relationship between fiber density and residential areas can be considered as an indicator of urban ecosystem pressure. Continuous monitoring of the environment with the help of microplastics in the areas where bird colonies are found should be considered